PSG has now secured the prestigious trophy on 14 separate occasions.
The Parisian giants required a stoppage-time equaliser followed by a perfect penalty shootout to get past Marseille in the Gulf and capture a fourth straight French Super Cup victory.
The Champions League holders appeared to be sailing towards a straightforward triumph in the match featuring the Ligue 1 champions and the French Cup winners after the French winger found the net in the opening stages.
Yet, the southern French side struck two times late to seize a surprise lead. First, Mason Greenwood converted from the spot-kick, before the defender unfortunately turned the ball into his own net for an own goal.
In a breathtaking turn of fortune, the Portuguese striker snatched a crucial equaliser in the dying seconds to force the contest into a penalty shootout. The Parisian shot-stopper Lucas Chevalier then emerged as the key figure, saving crucial kicks from Matt O'Riley and Traore.
In the shootout, Goncalo Ramos, Vitinha, the full-back, and the young talent all converted with composure for PSG to complete a 4-1 penalty win.
Now 14-time champions PSG, who met last season's Ligue 1 runners-up Marseille after achieving a league and cup double, have now won this trophy for the 12th time in the past 13 seasons.